Self-Balancing Robot Car Kit – 2-Wheel Gyro-Stabilized Platform with MPU6050, Ultrasonic Obstacle Avoidance, UNO & L298N Compatible | PID Motion Control | DIY STEM Coding & Robotics Learning Kit

The Self-Balancing Smart Robot Car Kit (Pbot 3.0) combines mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer programming into a single interactive learning platform designed to simulate real-world robotics and control systems. Built with dual DC motors, an MPU6050 gyroscope sensor, ultrasonic obstacle detection, and UNO-compatible control architecture, it offers a complete educational experience from fundamental physics to advanced robotics coding.

At its core, the robot uses a closed-loop control system to maintain vertical stability. The MPU6050 gyroscope continuously measures angular velocity and acceleration, while the microcontroller calculates tilt error relative to the upright axis. By applying the PID algorithm, it instantly adjusts the motor’s torque output to counteract imbalance, keeping the robot upright even under dynamic conditions. This principle — known as inverted pendulum control — forms the foundation of modern robotics and autonomous vehicle stabilization.

The structure of the robot features a dual-layer acrylic chassis, precision CNC machined for rigidity and transparency. Brass spacers provide stable tier separation, and the metal motor shafts ensure torque consistency during acceleration or deceleration. The car’s center of gravity is carefully optimized, enabling accurate feedback from the gyroscope even during fast turns. All mechanical and electrical parts are modular, allowing students to easily assemble and disassemble the system for iterative experimentation.

The L298N motor driver module supplies bidirectional control of both motors, translating microcontroller signals into current output with thermal protection and load safety. Through Arduino IDE, users can upload open-source balancing codes, adjust gain coefficients (Kp, Ki, Kd), and fine-tune the control response. The balancing algorithm combines proportional correction, integral error compensation, and derivative damping to achieve smooth and precise motion under various surface conditions.

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic module provides environmental perception by emitting ultrasonic waves and calculating the return time of echoes. The robot can detect objects up to 400 cm away, stop automatically, and plan alternate routes. The integration of ultrasonic feedback with balancing logic enables the robot to move intelligently without human intervention — demonstrating how modern robots combine sensing and decision-making.

For enhanced interactivity, the Bluetooth module (HC-06) allows wireless control via smartphone apps or serial terminal. Users can remotely adjust balancing parameters, trigger motion commands, or visualize sensor data in real-time. This feature makes the robot suitable for advanced coding exercises involving serial communication and wireless data transfer.

Educationally, this kit provides immense value for STEM programs, introducing key topics in robotics, control theory, embedded systems, and machine learning fundamentals. Students gain hands-on experience in physics (momentum, angular motion), electronics (PWM control, feedback circuits), and computer science (C++ logic, serial debugging). It is widely used in schools, universities, and hobbyist labs as a training model for autonomous systems and AI robotics research.

The kit’s comprehensive hardware package includes:

1× Dual-layer acrylic chassis

2× High-torque DC gear motors

1× L298N motor driver

1× MPU6050 gyroscope module

1× Ultrasonic HC-SR04 module

1× UNO-compatible control board

1× Battery holder (no battery)

Jumper wires, brass spacers, screws, and nuts

Every aspect of the Self-Balancing Robot Car Kit encourages exploration, experimentation, and innovation. Students not only build and code but also analyze and optimize their robot’s behavior, gaining critical problem-solving and engineering skills along the way. The modular nature of the platform allows future expansion with Wi-Fi, camera, or AI vision modules for higher-level projects. This makes it a lifelong educational tool bridging beginner learning and professional robotics development.

① Real-Time Self-Balancing Control with Gyroscope and Accelerometer

This advanced self-balancing robot kit teaches the core principles of motion physics and control engineering. Equipped with the MPU6050 gyroscope and accelerometer, the system continuously detects tilt angles and uses real-time PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) algorithms to maintain upright balance. Students learn how feedback loops, angle calculations, and sensor fusion work in real autonomous robots. By adjusting PID parameters, users can experiment with dynamic stability, inertia compensation, and center-of-gravity control — skills directly applicable to modern robotics, drones, and AI-controlled mobility systems.

② Dual-Motor Precision Drive and Metal Shaft Design

Powered by two high-torque DC gear motors with metal shafts, the robot delivers powerful and responsive motion. Each wheel is driven independently, allowing fast turns, smooth acceleration, and precision braking. The sturdy structure minimizes vibration, ensuring accurate sensor readings during movement. The dual-motor configuration replicates real-world mechatronic control principles — including torque balance, current feedback, and differential speed calculation — giving learners a professional-level robotics experience while developing engineering intuition and hardware assembly skills.

③ Intelligent Ultrasonic Obstacle Avoidance System

Equipped with an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, the robot scans its surroundings to detect obstacles and measure distance using echo reflection. The onboard program automatically adjusts trajectory or stops the robot when an object is detected, preventing collisions. Students can visualize distance data, learn digital signal timing, and understand how autonomous navigation systems combine sensor feedback with decision-making logic. This module forms the foundation for developing autonomous self-driving behaviors — an essential skill in AI robotics and embedded systems.

④ Programmable Expansion and Wireless Control

The kit supports multiple communication interfaces, including Bluetooth (HC-06) and IR control. Users can easily connect their smartphones or computers to send control commands or monitor motion data wirelessly. Through Arduino IDE, beginners and advanced users alike can write custom C++ programs, modify balancing parameters, or integrate additional sensors such as temperature, infrared, or light modules. The open-source structure promotes creativity and experimentation, making this robot an ideal learning platform for IoT, smart robotics, and automation applications.

⑤ Comprehensive STEM Learning Kit with Hands-On Experience

Designed for educational institutions, workshops, and makerspaces, this kit covers every stage of the robotics learning process: mechanical assembly, electronic wiring, code implementation, and debugging. The modular acrylic chassis ensures safe assembly and full visibility of the internal mechanisms. Every screw, wire, and connection becomes a teaching point, helping learners master circuit logic, signal flow, and real-time data handling. The kit promotes teamwork, problem-solving, and scientific curiosity — turning theory into practice through engaging project-based learning.